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\"\u751f\u8096\"<\/p>\n

\n (\u5c5e\u9f99\u4eca\u65e5\u8fd0\u52bf\u6700\u65b0)\n<\/p>\n

\n \u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u52a8\uff0c\u52c7\u5f80\u76f4\u524d\uff1f
\n<\/h2>\n

\n \u4eca\u65e5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c5e\u9f99\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u673a\u9047\u4e0e\u6311\u6218\u5e76\u5b58\u3002\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u52a8\u5730\u53bb\u8fce\u63a5\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u591f\u53d6\u5f97\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u80c6\u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u56e2\u961f\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u4f60\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u624d\u80fd\u3002\u5904\u7406\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u5766\u8bda\u76f8\u5f85\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u4f60\u7684\u771f\u631a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n \u8fc7\u5ea6\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u52a8\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e9b\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5468\u5bc6\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5728\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u52a1\u5fc5\u505a\u597d\u5145\u5206\u7684\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u8861\u91cf\u5229\u5f0a\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u51b2\u52a8\u884c\u4e8b\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n \u5efa\u8bae\uff1a
\n <\/b>
\n \u5236\u5b9a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u5e76\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u6ce8\u5e02\u573a\u52a8\u6001\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u52a8\u5411\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n \u8c28\u614e\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u7a33\u624e\u7a33\u6253\uff1f
\n<\/h2>\n

\n \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u8c28\u614e\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5192\u9669\u3002\u4eca\u65e5\u5c5e\u9f99\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u5ba1\u614e\u3002\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u5f62\u52bf\uff0c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u8bc4\u4f30\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u76f2\u76ee\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5904\u7406\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5e73\u548c\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e0e\u4eba\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n \u8c28\u614e\u4fdd\u5b88\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u7acb\u523b\u83b7\u5f97\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5374\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u964d\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u635f\u5931\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u51b7\u9759\u7684\u5934\u8111\u548c\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u4f60\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n \u5efa\u8bae\uff1a
\n <\/b>
\n \u505a\u597d\u5145\u5206\u7684\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u8c28\u614e\u884c\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u591a\u542c\u53d6\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u771f\u6743\u8861\u5229\u5f0a\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u76f2\u76ee\u4e50\u89c2\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n \u4e0d\u540c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ed3\u679c
\n<\/h2>\n

\n \u9009\u62e9\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u52a8\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u4e34\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u8c28\u614e\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u901f\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u964d\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a33\u5b9a\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n \u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f60\u6240\u505a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f60\u7684\u6267\u884c\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u52c7\u6562\u4e0e\u8c28\u614e\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u5728\u673a\u9047\u9762\u524d\u679c\u65ad\u51fa\u51fb\uff0c\u5728\u6311\u6218\u9762\u524d\u51b7\u9759\u5e94\u5bf9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4eca\u65e5\u5c5e\u9f99\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4fbf\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u5706\u6ee1\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n \u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\uff1a
\n <\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n \u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u9500\u552e\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u5e02\u573a\u53d8\u5316\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u4f60\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u52a8\u5730\u53bb\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u5ba2\u6237\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u65b0\u7684\u9500\u552e\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u8c28\u614e\u4fdd\u5b88\u5730\u7ef4\u62a4\u73b0\u6709\u5ba2\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u8010\u5fc3\u7b49\u5f85\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n \u5982\u679c\u9009\u62e9\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8ba2\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5e02\u573a\u53cd\u54cd\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u635f\u5931\u60e8\u91cd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9009\u62e9\u8c28\u614e\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u635f\u5931\u90e8\u5206\u8ba2\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f60\u7684\u73b0\u6709\u5ba2\u6237\u57fa\u7840\u5e76\u89c4\u907f\u98ce\u9669\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n \u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u627f\u53d7\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u80fd\u529b\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n \u4eca\u65e5\u8fd0\u52bf\u603b\u7ed3
\n<\/h2>\n

\n \u4eca\u65e5\u5c5e\u9f99\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u8c28\u614e\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u52a8\u80fd\u591f\u5e26\u6765\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u4f34\u968f\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\uff1b\u8c28\u614e\u4fdd\u5b88\u80fd\u591f\u964d\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4f46\u53d1\u5c55\u901f\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u6162\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n \u5efa\u8bae\u4f60\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u8eab\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u505a\u51fa\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5728\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u5468\u5168\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5e76\u575a\u6301\u5230\u5e95\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n \u795d\u4f60\u4eca\u65e5\u4e00\u5207\u987a\u5229\uff01\n<\/p>\n

\n

\n \u98ce\u9669\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u98ce\u9669\u6548\u5e94\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48?
\n<\/h2>\n

\n \u98ce\u9669\u6548\u5e94\u662f\u98ce\u9669\u4e8b\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u5185\u5728\u673a\u5236\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6548\u5e94\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u624d\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u8d8b\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

\u98ce\u9669\u6548\u5e94\u662f\u7531\u98ce\u9669\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u7279\u5f81\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u53ca\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u52a8\u673a\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u98ce\u9669\u6548\u5e94\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\uff1a 1.\u8bf1\u60d1\u6548\u5e94,\u5b83\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u662f\u98ce\u9669\u5229\u76ca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5916\u90e8\u523a\u6fc0\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u840c\u53d1\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u52a8\u673a,\u8fdb\u800c\u4f5c\u51fa\u67d0\u79cd\u98ce\u9669\u9009\u62e9\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u98ce\u9669\u884c\u4e3a.\u8bf1\u60d1\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u98ce\u9669\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u98ce\u9669\u4ee3\u4ef7\u53ca\u5176\u7ec4\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u98ce\u9669\u8bf1\u60d1\u6548\u5e94\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u98ce\u9669\u5229\u76ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u56db\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u590d\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u7ea6\u675f\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u98ce\u9669\u7ea6\u675f\u662f\u6307\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u53d7\u5230\u98ce\u9669\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u635f\u5931\u6216\u67d0\u79cd\u5371\u9669\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u540e\u6240\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u56de\u907f\u6216\u62b5\u6297\u635f\u5931\u548c\u5371\u9669\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u53ca\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u56de\u907f\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5b83\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u81f4\u9669\u56e0\u7d20\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3001\u81f4\u9669\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u98ce\u9669\u6210\u672c\u6295\u5165\u4e0e\u53d8\u52a8\u60c5\u51b5\u53ca\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u5e73\u8861\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u98ce\u9669\u5fc5\u7136\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8bf1\u60d1\u6548\u5e94\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u62b5\u6d88\uff0c\u5176\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

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\n \u600e\u4e48\u7092\u80a1\u7968\uff1f
\n<\/h2>\n

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1. \u67dc\u53f0\u9012\u5355\u59d4\u6258\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u5e26\u4e0a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u548c\u5e10\u6237\u5361\uff0c\u5230\u4f60\u5f00\u8bbe\u8d44\u91d1\u5e10\u6237\u7684\u8bc1\u5238\u8425\u4e1a\u90e8\u67dc\u53f0\u586b\u5199\u4e70\u8fdb\u6216\u5356\u51fa\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u59d4\u6258\u4e66\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7531\u67dc\u53f0\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u5ba1\u6838\u540e\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u7535\u8111\u81ea\u52a8\u59d4\u6258\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u5728\u8bc1\u5238\u8425\u4e1a\u90e8\u5927\u5385\u91cc\u7684\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u4eb2\u81ea\u8f93\u5165\u4e70\u8fdb\u6216\u5356\u51fa\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u56fe\u9139\u7622\ue0ee\u50bb\u7f12\u5cb3\u7c97\u8471\u5fc3\u6115\u5948\ue202\u5144\u5676\u7762?3. \u7535\u8bdd\u81ea\u52a8\u59d4\u6258\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u7535\u8bdd\u62e8\u901a\u4f60\u5f00\u8bbe\u8d44\u91d1\u5e10\u6237\u7684\u8bc1\u5238\u8425\u4e1a\u90e8\u67dc\u53f0\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u81ea\u52a8\u59d4\u6258\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7528\u7535\u8bdd\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u952e\u8f93\u5165\u4f60\u60f3\u4e70\u8fdb\u6216\u5356\u51fa\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u4ef7\u683c\u4ece\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u59d4\u6258\u3002<\/p>\n

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2\uff09\u3001\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e0d\u540c\u8bc1\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u4e00\u65e6\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u529e\u7406\u4ea4\u5272\u624b\u7eed\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6743\u968f\u4e4b\u53d1\u751f\u8f6c\u79fb\uff1b\u800c\u4ed3\u5355\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e70\u5165\u6216\u5356\u51fa\u4ed3\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u6240\u6709?\u00fa\u247d\u7ef0\u7829\u620f\u2478\ue326\ue031\u75b2\ue0f1\u6325\u68b0\u7ede\u5bfc\u91ca\u74ff\u4e0a\u53ea\u8e05\u7687\u76cf\u6bcd\u98e8\u948d\u4e2d\ue269\ue191\u8785\ue0e4\u5510\u8fd4\u4e43\ue2c4\u8165\u00fa\u78d0\u8006\ue094\ue031\u5564?3\uff09\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u4e0d\u540c\u8bc1\u5238\u5e02\u573a\u662f\u4e8c\u7ea7\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5176\u4ef7\u683c\u9664\u4e86\u53d7\u4f9b\u9700\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53d7\u5404\u4e0a\u5e02\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u72b6\u51b5\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u6709\u5176\u4e0a\u5e02\u548c\u8bc1\u5238\u5546\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u610f\u8bc6\u53ca\u6b3a\u9a97\u6027\uff0c\u8bc1\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u8005\u5728\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\u6240\u8003\u8651\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e3e\u68cb\u4e0d\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

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4\uff09\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u8bc1\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u53ea\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u5148\u4e70\u540e\u5356\u7684\u5355\u5411\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u8005\u4e70\u5165\u80a1\u7968\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0b\u8dcc\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u8005\u8981\u4e48\u6b62\u635f\u51fa\u573a\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u88ab\u6df1\u5ea6\u5957\u7262\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8bc1\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u53ea\u80fd\u5355\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed3\u5355\u4ea4\u6613\u53ef\u53cc\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0a\u6da8\u4e0b\u8dcc\u5747\u6709\u83b7\u5229\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

5\uff09\u3001T\uff0b0\u4e0eT\uff0b1\u7684\u533a\u522b\u8bc1\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u91c7\u7528T\uff0b1\u4ea4\u6613\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f53\u65e5\u4e70\u5165\u540e\uff0c\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u5272\u3002<\/p>\n

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3\u3001\u4ed3\u5355\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u73b0\u8d27\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u533a\u522b1\uff09\u3001\u8d44\u91d1\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u4f20\u7edf\u4ea4\u6613\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u573a\u5730\u6216\u8d2d\u4e70\u8d39\u7528\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u8d39\u7528\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u8d39\u7528\u3001\u8d2d\u9500\u8d39\u7528\u3001\u7a0e\u91d1\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u56fa\u5b9a\u6295\u5165\u8d39\u7528\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u662f\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1\uff1b\u800c\u4ed3\u5355\u4ea4\u6613\u5219\u662f\u91d1\u989d\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u624b\u7eed\u8d39\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u4ea4\u6613\u5219\u662f\u91d1\u989d\u6d41\u52a8\u5907\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u4e14\u8d44\u91d1\u8fdb\u51fa\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u7531\u6295\u8d44\u4eba\u81ea\u8eab\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

2\uff09\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u540c\u4f20\u7edf\u73b0\u8d27\u4ea4\u6613\u4e70\u5356\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5546\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u6709\u6837\u54c1\u3001\u6709\u5b9e\u7269\uff0c\u770b\u8d27\u5b9a\u4ef7\uff1b\u800c\u4ed3\u5355\u4ea4\u6613\u4e70\u5356\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u4ed3\u5355\uff0c\u662f\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u800c\u975e\u5546\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5176\u5546\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u56fd\u5e02\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u4e14\u8fdb\u5165\u56fd\u5e02\u5b9a\u70b9\u4ed3\u5e93\u7684\u8d27\u7269\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u8005\u53ea\u8003\u8651\u4e70\u5356\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

3\uff09\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\u4f20\u7edf\u73b0\u8d27\u4ea4\u6613\u5176\u4ef7\u683c\u56e0\u5730\u7406\u73af\u5883\u3001\u5404\u5730\u533a\u5c40\u90e8\u4f9b\u9700\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u5730\u533a\u5dee\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n

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4\uff09\u3001\u8d44\u91d1\u7ed3\u7b97\u4e0d\u540c\u4f20\u7edf\u73b0\u8d27\u4ea4\u6613\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u7b7e\u5b9a\u8d2d\u9500\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53cc\u65b9\u6309\u5408\u540c\u9010\u6b65\u5b8c\u6210\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u7ed3\u7b97\uff1b\u800c\u4ed3\u5355\u4ea4\u6613\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd0\u7528\u8d27\u7269\u5c65\u7ea6\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u5747\u53d7\u5176\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u5b8c\u7ed3\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u9a6c\u4e0a\u7ed3\u6e05\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u3002<\/p>\n

5\uff09\u3001\u4fdd\u969c\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u4f20\u7edf\u73b0\u8d27\u4ea4\u6613\u6709\u300a\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u7b49\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5151\u73b0\u5fc5\u7136\u8bc9\u8bf8\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u7531\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u8fdb\u884c\u4ef2\u88c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u53cc\u65b9\u662f\u5426\u6309\u4ef2\u88c1\u673a\u5173\u7684\u6761\u6587\u6267\u884c\u8fd8\u662f\u672a\u77e5\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

6\uff09\u3001\u5546\u54c1\u8303\u56f4\u4e0d\u540c\u4f20\u7edf\u73b0\u8d27\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u54c1\u79cd\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u8fdb\u5165\u6d41\u901a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u4ed3\u5355\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u54c1\u79cd\u8981\u53d7\u56fd\u5e02\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

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2\uff09\u4e3a\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5229\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u5458\u62ff\u51fa1\/3\u5165\u5e02\uff0c1\/3\u8ffd\u5e02\uff0c1\/3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u540e\u5907\u8d44\u91d1\u3002<\/p>\n

3\uff09\u4e00\u822c\u6bcf\u5929\u5e02\u573a\u884c\u60c5\u6ce2\u52a8\u572815\u70b9\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u63a7\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

4\uff09\u83b7\u5229\uff1a\u6309\u7167\u6bcf\u5929\u505a30\u6279\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6bcf\u5339\u51c0\u8d5a3\u4e2a\u70b9\uff0c\u4e00\u65e5\u5229\u6da6\u4fbf\u6709900\u5143\uff0c\u6bcf\u6708\u630920\u4e2a\u4ea4\u6613\u65e5\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5229\u6da6\u5373\u4e3a\u5143\uff0c\u9664\u53bb\u884c\u60c5\u9707\u8361\u4e0d\u660e\u6717\u89c2\u671b\u65f6\u95f4\u5916\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u4f30\u8ba1\u6bcf\u6708\u53ef\u83b7\u5229\u5143\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n \u6025\u6c42:\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u7b56\u7565\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b???
\n<\/h2>\n

\n \u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u3000\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\uff1b USP \u5e7f\u544a\u7b56\u7565\uff1b\u54c1\u724c\u5f62\u8c61\uff1b\u5e7f\u544a\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff1b\u4f20\u64ad\u5b66\uff1b\u5e02\u573a\u8425\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u201c Creative \u201d\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u201c\u521b\u610f\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u601d\u662f\u521b\u9020\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u9020\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5373\u5e7f\u544a\u4e3b\u9898\u610f\u5ff5\u7684\u610f\u8c61\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u610f\u8c61\u6240\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u7684\u72ec\u521b\u6027\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7406\u89e3\u6027\u5373\u6613\u4e3a\u5e7f\u5927\u53d7\u4f17\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u5584\u4e8e\u5c06\u5404\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u7b26\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u6700\u4f73\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5177\u6709\u9002\u5ea6\u7684\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u548c\u72ec\u521b\u6027 . \u5176\u5173\u952e\u662f\u5728\u201c\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u6027\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bfb\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u7ed3\u5408\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u662f\u6307\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u4e2d\u7684\u610f\u8c61\u7ec4\u5408\u548c\u5e7f\u544a\u4e3b\u9898\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u7684\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u53d1\u5c55\u5e7f\u544a\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u521b\u610f\u9762\u8bae\uff0c\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u539f\u7406\uff08 Pyramid Principle) \u662f\u7279\u522b\u6709\u6548\u800c\u6781\u5177\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u6d1e\u5bdf\u5e7f\u544a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u7684\u601d\u8003\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u903b\u8f91\u628a\u521b\u610f\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u6781\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u5e7f\u544a\u7684\u521b\u610f\u662f\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u9876\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n

\u521b\u610f\u7684\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5171\u5206\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21 \uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u662f\u8d44\u8baf\uff08 information) \uff0c\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u76f8\u5f53\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u90e8\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u7ade\u4e89\u4f01\u4e1a\u60c5\u62a5\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u8d44\u8baf\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5305\u7f57\u4e07\u8c61\u7684\u8d44\u8baf\u53ea\u662f\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u7167\u672c\u5ba3\u79d1\u7b3c\u7edf\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u5ba1\u614e\u7684\u5206\u6790 (analysis). \u6b64\u4e00\u5c42\u6b21\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u8303\u7574\u72b9\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd0\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7b49\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42\u6b21\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u552f\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c42\u6b21\u6240\u5ef6\u4f38\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u521b\u610f\u90fd\u662f\u53d1\u6325\u5e7f\u544a\u6548\u679c\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u5f39\u65e0\u865a\u53d1\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u62db\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u6cd5\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3000\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u5206\u4e0b\u5217\u4e94\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u30001\u3001\u51c6\u5907\u671f\uff0d\uff0d\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u641c\u96c6\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u65e7\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u542f\u53d1\u65b0\u521b\u610f\uff0c\u8d44\u6599\u5206\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u8d44\u6599\u4e94\u7279\u6b8a\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7279\u6b8a\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u7cfb\u6307\u4e13\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e00\u5e7f\u544a\u6d3b\u52a8\u800c\u641c\u96c6\u7684\u6709\u5173\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u5b75\u5316\u671f\uff0d\uff0d\u628a\u6240\u641c\u96c6\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u52a0\u4ee5\u5480\u56bc\u6d88\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u610f\u8bc6\u81ea\u7531\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5176\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u5207\u521b\u610f\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u5076\u7136\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u7a81\u7136\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u542f\u793a\u671f\uff0d\uff0d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u5370\u8c61\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u542f\u793a\u7684\u6e90\u6cc9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u672c\u9636\u6bb5\u662f\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u7ed3\u5408 \u4e2d\uff0c \u4ea7\u751f\u5404\u79cd\u521b\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u671f\uff0d\uff0d\u628a\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u521b\u610f\u4e88\u4ee5\u68c0\u8ba8\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u4f7f\u66f4\u81fb\u5b8c\u7f8e\u30005\u3001\u5f62\u6210\u671f\uff0d\uff0d\u4ee5\u6587\u5b57\u6216\u56fe\u5f62\u5c06\u521b\u610f\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u3000\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e7f\u544a\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u2022\u626c\u8bf4\u201c\u521b\u610f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u9760\u7075\u611f\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u7eb5\u4f7f\u6709\u4e86\u7075\u611f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u601d\u8003\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201d\u521b\u610f\u662f\u4ece\u201c\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u5408\u201d\u800c\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u521b\u610f\u5e76\u975e\u5929\u624d\u8005\u7684\u72ec\u5360\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a\u30001\u3001\u5782\u76f4\u601d\u8003\u6cd5\uff1a\u5373\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u601d\u8003\u8def\u7ebf\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u5411\u4e0a\u6216\u5411\u4e0b\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u5f0f\u601d\u8003\uff0c \u662f\u5934\u8111\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6269\u5927 \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e00\u5411\u88ab \u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e3a\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u601d\u8003\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f18\u70b9 \u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7a33\u59a5\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u4e3a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u7f3a\u9677\u662f\u504f\u91cd\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u65e7\u610f\u8bc6\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u7248\u6216\u6539\u826f\u3002<\/p>\n

2 . \u6c34\u5e73\u601d\u8003\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c8\u79f0\u6a2a\u5411\u601d\u8003\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u601d\u8003\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u5411\u7740\u591a\u65b9\u4f4d\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u76ca\u4e8e\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u521b\u610f\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d6\u4ee3\u5782\u76f4\u601d\u8003\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5f25\u8865\u540e\u8005\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4efb\u4f55\u6784\u60f3\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4ecd\u5c31\u9009\u7528 \u5782\u76f4\u6cd5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6c34\u5e73\u601d\u8003\u6cd5\u53c8\u53ef\u63d0\u9192\u521b\u610f\u8005\u5728\u601d\u8003\u65f6\u4e0d\u56fa\u6b65\u81ea\u5c01\uff0c\u4e24\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u4e92\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u6536\u5230\u4e8b\u534a\u529f\u500d\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96c6\u8111\u4f1a\u5546\u6cd5\uff1a\u5373\u4e00\u7ec4\u4eba\u5458\u8fd0\u7528\u5f00\u4f1a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u4f1a\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u7279\u6b8a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e3b\u610f\uff0c\u805a\u79ef\u8d77\u6765\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u521b\u610f\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u7684 USP \u5e7f\u544a\u7b56\u7565\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09 USP \u7b56\u7565\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u3000USP \u7b56\u7565\u5373\u6307\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u9500\u552e\u4e3b\u9898\uff08 Unique Setting Proposition) \uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5e7f\u544a\u80fd\u6307\u51fa\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4e4b\u5916\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u5373\u5e94\u5728\u4f20\u8fbe\u5185\u5bb9\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u9500\u552e\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

USP \u5177\u6709\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u30001\u3001\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u6548\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5373\u6bcf\u4e00\u5e7f\u544a\u90fd\u8981\u5bf9\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf4\u8f9e\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u627f\u8bfa\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u72ec\u7279\u7684\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u5b83\u540c\u7c7b\u7ade\u4e89\u5546\u54c1\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u5ba3\u4f20\u8fc7\u7684\u8bf4\u8f9e\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u9500\u552e\uff0c\u5373\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bf4\u8f9e\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u5230\u80fd\u62db\u6765\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u8ba1 \u7684\u5927\u4f17\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u6025\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u5411\u524d\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c\u5355\u9760\u4e00\u822c\u5316\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u548c\u8868\u73b0\u5df2\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u548c\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u5e76\u5728\u5e7f\u544a\u4e2d\u9648\u8ff0\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5373\u5b9e\u65bd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u9500\u552e\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u7b56\u7565\u4e00\u7ecf\u95ee\u4e16\u4fbf\u7acb\u5373\u5728\u5e7f\u544a\u754c\u5f15\u8d77\u70ed\u70c8\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e94\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f97\u5230\u666e\u904d\u63a8\u5e7f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e14\u5176\u63d0\u51fa\u8005\u7f57\u7d20\u2022\u745e\u592b\u65af USP \u5229\u7528\u7b56\u7565\u521b\u4f5c\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u6210\u529f\u5e7f\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09 USP \u7b56\u7565\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u30001\u3001 USP \u7b56\u7565\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u5546\u54c1\u65e5\u76ca\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u7ade\u4e89\u4e5f\u8d8b\u4e8e\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u540c\u8d28\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u540c\u8d28\u4fe1\u606f\u8bc9\u6c42\u5f88\u96be\u518d\u8d62\u5f97\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u8425\u9500\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8425\u9500\u6218\u7565\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u8425\u9500\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e86\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

USP \u7b56\u7565\u9002\u5e94\u4e86\u8425\u9500\u6218\u7565\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8bc9\u6c42\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f62\u4f53\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ea7\u54c1\u9644\u52a0\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001 USP \u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u8d2d\u4e70\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u8c01\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u8c13\u8c01\u77e5\u662f\u6307\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u611f\u5b98\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u523a\u6fc0\u7269\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u76f4\u89c2\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8c01\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u80e1\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u4e3b\u4efb\u59d4\u5458\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u6ce8\u610f\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u66f2\u89e3\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/p>\n

USP \u7b56\u7565\u6b63\u662f\u5229\u7528\u4eba\u4eec\u4e3b\u4efb\u59d4\u5458\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u5e7f\u544a\u4e2d\u5ba3\u4f20\u4ea7\u54c1\u72ec\u5177\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u53ca\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4f7f\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6ce8\u610f\u3001\u3000\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5e76\u5bf9\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4ea7\u751f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u6210\u5176\u8d2d\u4e70\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n

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2\u3001\u5546\u6807\u4eba\u7269\u3000\u674e\u5965\u2022\u8d1d\u7eb3\u4e8e 1935 \u5e74\u4e3a\u7eff\u8272\u5de8\u4eba\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8c4c\u8c46\u865a\u6784\u7684\u201c\u7eff\u8272\u5de8\u4eba\u201d\u4eba\u7269\u5f62\u8c61\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6210\u529f\u7684\u54c1\u724c\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u62df\u4eba\u5316\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u5361\u901a\u5f62\u8c61\u3000\u82f1\u56fd Hofmeister \u5564\u9152\u5728\u4ee5\u5e74\u8f7b\u5564\u9152\u996e\u7528\u8005\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u7b56\u5212\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u5e74\u8f7b\u996e\u7528\u8005\u7684\u7279\u6027\u548c\u5411\u5f80\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u521b\u610f\u4e2d\u4fbf\u7740\u529b\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f47\u6d12\u3001\u806a\u660e\u7684\u4e54\u6cbb\u718a\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u540d\u4eba\u5f62\u8c61\u3000\u529b\u58eb\u9999\u7682\u7684\u5370\u5237\u54c1\u5e7f\u544a\u4e2d\u63d2\u5370\u5f71\u661f\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6811\u7acb\u8d77\u201c\u529b\u58eb\u9999\u7682\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5f71\u661f\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9999\u7682\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5f62\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

5\u3001\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u5f62\u8c61\u3000\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e00\u5bb6\u5e7f\u544a\u516c\u53f8\u66fe\u8bf7\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d80\u5c81\u9ad8\u9f84\u7684\u6d17\u8863\u8001\u5987\u5145\u5f53\u6d17\u8863\u673a\u5e7f\u544a\u4e3b\u89d2\uff0c\u64ad\u51fa\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u8001\u592a\u592a\u4fbf\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u660e\u661f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u54c1\u724c\u6d17\u8863\u673a\u7684\u9500\u552e\u989d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ece\u5168\u56fd\u7b2c\u56db\u4f4d\u5347\u81f3\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5373\u4f7f\u5e7f\u544a\u548c\u54c1\u724c\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u53d7\u4f17\u7684\u5fc3\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u7279\u5f81\u3000\u5b9a\u4f4d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u653b\u5fc3\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u89c2\u5ff5\u4f7f\u5f97\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u4ece\u5546\u54c1\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u5fc3\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9a\u4f4d\u89c2\u5ff5\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e3a\u53d7\u4f17\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5fc3\u751c\u5473\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u5b9a\u4f4d\u501f\u52a9\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f4d\u5e8f\u7b26\u53f7\uff1b\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0e\u53d7\u4f17\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u7279\u5f81\u3000\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8981\u201c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u201d\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5e7f\u544a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u627f\u8ba4\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u7ade\u4e89\u54c1\u724c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5e7f\u544a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b56\u7565\u3000\u5e7f\u544a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b56\u7565\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a\u30001\u3001\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5b9a\u4f4d\u2014\u2014\u5efa\u7acb\u9886\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e8\u5728\u5360\u636e\u67d0\u4e00\u4ea7\u54c1\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6216\u9886\u5bfc\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u201d\u662f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8fdb\u5165\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff1b\u201c\u6700\u5927\u201d\u4e5f\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6548\u7528\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6700\u5148\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6700\u5927\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u6bd4\u9644\u5b9a\u4f4d\u2014\u2014\u7d27\u8ddf\u884c\u4e1a\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u54c1\u724c\u9886\u5148\u4f4d\u7f6e\u76f8\u5f53\u7a33\u56fa\uff0c\u539f\u6709\u4f4d\u5e8f\u96be\u4ee5\u6253\u7834\u91cd\u7ec4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6216\u81ea\u5df1\u54c1\u724c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6210\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u54c1\u724c\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b56\u7565\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u54c1\u724c\u4e0e\u9886\u5148\u54c1\u724c\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6bd4\u9644\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u627f\u8ba4\u7ade\u4e89\u54c1\u724c\u9886\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5360\u636e\u7d27\u968f\u5176\u540e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u7ec6\u5206\u5b9a\u4f4d\u2014\u2014\u5bfb\u627e\u5e02\u573a\u7a7a\u9699\uff0c\u7ec6\u5206\u5b9a\u4f4d\u662f\u5728\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4f4d\u5e8f\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u89e3\u51fa\u66f4\u7ec6\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u9636\u68af\u4e2d\u5206\u89e3\u51fa\u5c0f\u9636\u68af\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u54c1\u724c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5c0f\u7c7b\u522b\u6216\u5c0f\u9636\u68af\u4e0a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u7a7a\u9699\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f8b\uff1a\u4ef7\u683c\u7a7a\u9699\uff0c\u6027\u522b\u7a7a\u9699\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u7a7a\u9699\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u624b\u6bb5\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfb\u627e\u5230\u8c61\u5f88\u591a\u6210\u54c1\u724c\u6240\u5bfb\u627e\u5230\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7a7a\u9699\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5e7f\u544a\u521b\u610f\u548c\u8fdb\u884c\u5e7f\u544a\u8bc9\u6c42\u7684\u7acb\u8db3\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u91cd\u7ec4\u5b9a\u4f4d\u2014\u2014\u91cd\u65b0\u4e3a\u7ade\u4e89\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u81ea\u7ed9\u81ea\u8db3\u4ea7\u54c1\u7c7b\u522b\u90fd\u6210\u767e\u4e0a\u5343\uff0c\u60f3\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c1a\u865a\u4f4d\u4ee5\u5f85\u7684\u7a7a\u9699\uff0c\u673a\u4f1a\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u548c\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u201d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u66f4\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9762\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u6700\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u9000\u51fa\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4f46\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u91cd\u7ec4\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u521b\u9020\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91cd\u7ec4\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u8981\u70b9\u662f\u6839\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e2\u5b58\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u6216\u4ea7\u54c1\u642c\u8fdb\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

5\u3001\u201c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u201d\u7b56\u7565\u2014\u2014\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u7b2c\u4e00\u540d\u6216\u67d0\u79cd\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5fcf\u6094\uff0c\u800c\u5e02\u573a\u7a7a\u9699\u53c8\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5c06\u672c\u5904\u52a3\u52bf\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u7eb3\u5165\u201c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u6210\u5458\u5728\u53d7\u4f17\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u65e0\u7591\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u53d7\u4f17\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n \u6211\u662f1988\u5e74\u519c\u5386\u4e5d\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u65e5\u5b50\u65f6\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u547d
\n<\/h2>\n

\n 88\u5e742\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u4e94\u884c\u5c6c\u6027\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f
\n<\/h2>\n

\n \u547d\u7406 \u751f\u5e74\u5730\u652f\uff1a\u8fb0\u5e74\u751f \u4e94\u884c\uff1a\u8fb0\u5c5e\u571f \u4e94\u5e38\uff1a\u571f\u5c5e\u4fe1 \u5409\u7965\u65b9\u4f4d\uff1a\u897f\u3001\u897f\u5317\u53ca\u5317\u65b9 \u5409\u7965\u989c\u8272\uff1a\u91d1\u3001\u94f6\u3001\u7070\u767d\uff0c\u5fcc\u7ea2\u3001\u7eff\u3001\u7d2b\u53ca\u9ed1\u7b49\u8272 \u5e78\u8fd0\u6570\u5b57\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u4e03\u3001\u516d\uff0c\u5927\u51f6\u4e4b\u6570\u4e3a\u4e5d\u3001\u516b\u3001\u4e09 \u5e78\u8fd0\u82b1\uff1a\u9f99\u5410\u73e0\u3001\u91c7\u96c0\u8349\u4f18\u70b9\u6709\u5f3a\u58ee\u7684\u4f53\u9b44\uff0c\u7cbe\u529b\u5145\u6c9b\u6d3b\u529b\u65e0\u7a77\u671d\u6c14\u52c3\u52c3\uff0c\u6709\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u5bcc\u7f57\u66fc\u8482\u514b\u6c14\u6c1b\uff0c\u662f\u7231\u9762\u5b50 \u6d3e\u5934\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51e1\u4e8b\u4e0d\u670d\u8f93\uff0c\u505a\u4e8b\u8fc7\u65bc\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\u6709\u8fdc\u5927\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e2a\u6027\u5766\u7387\uff0c\u6709\u9886\u5bfc\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u5f3a\u8fd0\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4eba\u5766\u8bda\u7edd\u5c11\u6709\u5351\u9119\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u865a\u4f2a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u642c\u5f04\u662f\u975e\uff0c\u4e0d\u6015\u8270\u96be\uff0c\u6bcf\u4ef6\u4e8b\u90fd\u60f3\u505a\u5230\u5c3d\u5584\u5c3d\u7f8e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u662f\u5341\u8db3\u6025\u8fdb\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5f88\u81ea\u5927\u9a84\u50b2\uff0c\u81ea\u6bd4\u4eba\u5f3a\u7684\u8d85\u4fd7\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5973\u6027\u8c6a\u723d\u70ed\u60c5\u6177\u6168\uff0c\u5584\u89e3\u4eba\u610f\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u7537\u6027\u559c\u7231\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ec0\u9ebd\u804c\u4e1a\u90fd\u538c\u6076\u53d7\u4eba\u6307\u4f7f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u559c\u6b22\u72ec\u81ea\u8ba1\u5212\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u6709\u5927\u7537\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c5e\u9f99\u8005\u8c61\u5fae\u6743\u52bf\uff0c\u5929\u4e4b\u9a84\u5b50\u5f97\u5929\u72ec\u539a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684 \u667a\u6167\u8fc7\u4eba\u80c6\u8bc6\u591f\uff0c\u624d\u6c14\u8db3\uff0c\u6177\u6168\u5927\u65b9\uff0c\u795e\u6c14\u6d3b\u73b0\u6c14\u8f69\u6602\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f3a\u70b9\u60c5\u7eea\u4e0d\u7a33\uff0c\u5bcc\u68a6\u60f3\uff0c\u832b\u7136\u4e0d\u53ef\u6349\u6478\uff0c\u6027\u683c\u50b2 \u6162\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bbd\u5927\u5fc3\u80f8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e0\u6cd5\u6297\u62d2\u6e29\u67d4\u7c89\u7ea2\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u6709\u6570\u4e0d\u5c3d\u591a\u91c7\u591a\u59ff\u7f57\u66fc\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6781\u5c11\u771f\u5fc3\u53bb\u7231\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7231\u60c5\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u611f\u5230 \u5931\u671b\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7231\u4e0a\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u5374\u996e\u5c3d\u5176\u82e6\u9152\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u65e0\u6cd5\u5fcd\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eba\u5dee\u52b2\u7684\u529e\u4e8b\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u6279\u8bc4\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u4e49\u5fc3\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

\u624d\u534e\u51fa\u4f17\u4e0d\u514d\u81ea\u8d1f\uff0c\u597d\u5927\u559c\u529f\u6709\u65f6\u7ecf\u4e0d\u8d77\u632b \u6298\u548c\u8003\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e00\u5931\u8d25\u5373\u843d\u614c\u800c\u9003\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u575a\u5fcd\u4e0d\u62e8\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u8fd0\u7a0b\u26052007\u732a\u5e74\u8fd0\u7a0b\u26052006\u72d7\u5e74\u8fd0\u7a0b \u26052008\u9f20\u5e74\u8fd0\u7a0b\u26052009\u725b\u5e74\u8fd0\u7a0b \u6d41\u5e74\u8fd0\u52bf \u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u751f\u8096\u5c5e\u9f99\u8005\u5929\u751f\u5f3a\u8fd0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4eca\u5e74\u5c31\u5f88\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u672c\u547d\u5e74\u201d\uff0c\u6240 \u4ee5\u8981\u975e\u5e38\u8c28\u614e\uff0c\u8981\u6709\u5e94\u53d8\u7684\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u5fc3\u6001\u7684\u628a\u63e1\uff0c\u5fc3\u5e73\u6c14\u548c\u5730\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u5207\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u8fd0\u52bf\u4e00\u6ce2\u4e09\u6298\uff0c\u53cd\u590d\u591a\u53d8\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u751f\u610f\u7b49\u9700\u8981\u811a\u8e0f\u5b9e\u5730\uff0c\u6b65\u6b65\u4e3a\u8425\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5fd8\u8bb0\u5728\u519c\u5386\u6b63\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\u4f9b\u5949\u592a\u5c81\u661f\u541b\uff0c\u65b9\u6c42\u4e00\u5e74\u4e4b\u5e73\u5b89\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5404\u5e74\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8fd0\u7a0b\u6027\u683c \u5177\u6709\u5d07\u9ad8\u7406\u60f3\uff0c \u80c6\u8bc6\u8fc7\u4eba\u4e14\u6c14\u8d28\u975e\u51e1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u767d\u5929\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u8096\u9f99\u8005\u96c6\u4e2d\u529b\u5f3a\u3001\u6597\u5fd7\u9ad8\u6602\u3002<\/p>\n

\u591c\u665a\u51fa\u751f\u8005\u5219\u4e3a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u60dc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8010\u529b\u6bc5\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8096\u9f99\u8005\u4e00\u822c\u7ecf\u4e0d\u8d77\u91cd\u91cd\u8003\u9a8c\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u5728\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e0e\u7231\u60c5\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u9700\u6709\u575a\u97e7\u4e0d\u62d4\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8be6\u7ec6\u6027\u683c\u548c\u547d\u8fd0\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7ef4\u6301\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u8ba4\u771f\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e00\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5408\u540c\u6587\u672c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u9759\u5fc3\u7684\u659f\u914c\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u56de\u907f\u65b0\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6295\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7231\u60c5\u5728\u7231\u60c5\u65b9\u9762\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u5f97\u987a\u7545\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5355\u8eab\u8005\u8c08\u5a5a\u8bba\u5ac1\u7684\u597d\u65f6\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5df2\u5a5a\u8005\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u5a5a\u5916\u604b\u60c5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u70e6\u607c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u5409\u5a5a\u914d\uff1a \u725b(\u4e11)\uff0c\u9e21(\u9149) \u5fcc\u5a5a\u914d\uff1a \u864e(\u5bc5)\uff0c\u7334(\u7533)\uff0c\u732a(\u4ea5) \u8d22\u8fd0\u8d22\u8fd0\u5f88\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u975e\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u53bb\u5e74\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u5f53\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u6709\u5907\u65e0\u60a3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d22\u52a1\u652f\u51fa\u4e0a\u6709\u4e2a\u59a5\u5584\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f85\u5546\u673a\u8981\u91cf\u529b\u800c\u884c\uff0c\u5927\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u9879\u76ee\u7279\u522b\u8981\u614e\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5065\u5eb7 \u5207\u52ff\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u5ea6\uff0c \u5f71\u54cd\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d20\u6709\u80a0\u80c3\u548c\u6d88\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u6bdb\u75c5\u7684\u8096\u9f99\u8005\u9700\u66f4\u52a0\u6ce8\u610f\u996e\u98df\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n \u6469\u7faf\u5ea7\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e2a\u6027
\n<\/h2>\n

\n \u6469\u7faf\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u9b54\u7faf\u90fd\u662f\u5f88\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u5c06\u4ece\u5929\u4f7f\u53d8\u6210\u6076\u9b54\uff0c\u9b54\u7faf\u5ea7\u7684\u4eba\u5929\u751f\u5584\u826f\uff0c\u611f\u60c5\u4e5f\u90fd\u5f88\u8106\u5f31\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u96be\u8fc7\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u8868\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u9177\u9177\u7684\u4e0e\u4e8b\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u6837\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u8ba9\u522b\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u575a\u5f3a\uff0c\u7406\u667a\uff0c\u627f\u53d7\u662f\u9b54\u7faf\u7684\u4ee3\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u968f\u4fbf\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u60f3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4e86\u89e3\u8eab\u8fb9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u597d\u5947\uff0c\u597d\u8c61\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u611f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u9b54\u7faf\u751f\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9b54\u7faf\u76f8\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u661f\u5ea7\u6765\u6bd4\u80fd\u5728\u6700\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u770b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u683c\u65e0\u8bba\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u9690\u85cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u70b9\u5f88\u50cf\u5929\u874e\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5374\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u8eab\u8fb9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u592a\u4ecb\u610f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9b54\u7faf\u90fd\u5f88\u5305\u5bb9\u5bf9\u65b9\u8bf7\u8bb0\u5f97\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u53ea\u9b54\u7faf\u6307\u51fa\u4f60\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u90a3\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u53cb\u5584\u7684\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u8bbd\u523a\u7684\u53e3\u6c14\u6765\u6307\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u9b54\u7faf\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\uff12\u4e2a\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u9b54\u7faf\u90fd\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u53bb\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\u6c38\u8fdc\u7684\u50bb\u50bb\u7684\u6d3b\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u9b54\u7faf\u7684\u574f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ab2\u7f8e\u8fc7\u6240\u6709\u661f\u5ea7\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\u9b54\u7faf\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u6162\u6162\u53d8\u574f\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u5f20\u738b\u724c\uff0c\u505a\u4e0d\u505a\u5c31\u770b\u5bf9\u65b9\u662f\u5426\u8fbe\u5230\u8ba9\u9b54\u7faf\u62b1\u8d1f\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8868\u626c\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7528\u9634\u9669\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f53\u9b54\u7faf\u8ba8\u538c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7edd\u5bf9\uff0c\u9b54\u7faf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u968f\u4fbf\u8ba8\u538c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u54ea\u4e2a\u4eba\u505a\u7684\u592a\u8fc7\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f1a\u4ece\u9b54\u7faf\u5fc3\u5e95\u5f7b\u5e95\u62b9\u6740\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6fc0\u6012\u4e86\u9b54\u7faf\uff0c\u5475\u5475\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u7b49\u7740\u707e\u96be\u7684\u964d\u4e34\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9b54\u7faf\u662f\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u57ce\u5e9c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8868\u9762\u53bb\u5f97\u7f6a\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5212\u7740\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c06\u4f1a\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u5e26\u6765\u591a\u5927\u7684\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u9b54\u7faf\u7684\u62a5\u590d\u624b\u6bb5\u6781\u5176\u6b8b\u5fcd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u52a0\u500d\u7684\u8fd8\u7ed9\u4f60\uff0c\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u906d\u53d7\u5230\u6478\u540d\u7684\u707e\u96be\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u53bb\u60f3\u60f3\u4f60\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5f97\u7f6a\u4e86\u9b54\u7faf\uff09\u9b54\u7faf\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u968f\u4fbf\u7684\u53bb\u52a0\u5bb3\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9b54\u7faf\u4e5f\u8ba8\u538c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u574f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5929\u624d\u7684\u6740\u624b\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4ece\u5f88\u65e9\u4ee5\u524d\u5c31\u505a\u597d\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u5212\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4e8b\u4ef6\u51fa\u73b0\u524d\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u5728\u8003\u8651\u5982\u4f55\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5e76\u65e0\u7834\u7efd\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u62a5\u590d\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u60b2\u89c2\u6709\u4e9b\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u9b54\u7faf\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u4e86\u89e3\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u56fa\u6267\u7684\u76f8\u4fe1\u7f8e\u597d\u5c3d\u7ba1\u81ea\u5df1\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u9b54\u7faf\u90fd\u8ba8\u538c\u574f\u574f\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u60f3\u629b\u5f03\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u670b\u53cb\uff08\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u88c5\u50bb\u7684\u661f\u5ea7\uff09\u9b54\u7faf\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5f88\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u5168\u611f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u559c\u6b22\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u88c5\u50bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u88c5\u50bb\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9b54\u7faf\u4eba\u806a\u660e\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd9\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u50bb\u5b50\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0d\u7275\u626f\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u806a\u660e\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u5982\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u50bb\u5b50\u5e73\u51e1\u800c\u53c8\u968f\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u9b54\u7faf\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u9b54\u7faf\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5bf9\u65b9\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u4f1a\u6709\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u8bba\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u9b54\u7faf\u5bf9\u670b\u53cb\u90fd\u5f88\u771f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88\u73cd\u60dc\u4e9b\u670b\u53cb\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5f53\u81ea\u5df1\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u53bb\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u7231\u7684\u4eba\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u7231\u7684\u4eba\u5374\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u4ed6\uff0c\u800c\u5230\u6700\u540e\u81ea\u5df1\u5374\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u81ea\u5df1\u5230\u5e95\u505a\u9519\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u53ef\u601c\u7684\u5bb6\u4f19\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8ffd\u6c42: \u9b54\u7faf\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u662f\u8ba4\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e0d\u8ba9\u9b54\u7faf\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u9b54\u7faf\u5c31\u4f1a\u50cf\u75af\u5b50\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u7740\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5176\u5b9e\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u975e\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u53ea\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u7231\u7740\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u7684\u8d77\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba4\u771f\u7684\u53bb\u7231\u4e00\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u62d2\u7edd:\u3000\u5982\u679c\u9b54\u7faf\u771f\u7684\u7231\u4e86\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53bb\u62d2\u7edd\u4f60\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd:\u3000\u9b54\u7faf\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u661f\u5ea7\u5bf9\u611f\u60c5\u90fd\u5f88\u8ba4\u771f\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u4f24\u75d5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u5f88\u957f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5bf9\u4f60\u5bf9\u4ed6\u90fd\u6709\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6015\u591a\u770b\u4f60\u4e00\u773c\u800c\u53c8\u518d\u6b21\u65e0\u6cd5\u81ea\u62d4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u6015\u518d\u591a\u770b\u4f60\u4e00\u773c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fc3\u5982\u5200\u5272\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n \u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u505a\u5854\u7f57\u724c\uff1f
\n<\/h2>\n

\n \u5854\u8bfa\u724c\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u56f4\u7ed5\u8457\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u7684\u6839\u636e\u4f20\u8bf4\u6709\u51fa\u81ea\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u53e4\u5370\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u53e4\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf4\u6cd5\u66f4\u7a81\u663e\u51fa\u5148\u6c11\u4eec\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u56f0\u96be\u65f6\u5145\u6ee1\u7406\u60f3\u53ca\u7f57\u66fc\u8482\u514b\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u822c\u6211\u4eec\u8f83\u5e38\u542c\u5230\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u7531 Court de Gebelin \u65bc1781\u5e74\u5728 Le Monde Drimitif \u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u662f\u7531\u5409\u666e\u8d5b\u4eba\u81ea\u5370\u5ea6\u8f97\u8f6c\u5f15\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u4ecd\u662f\u4e2a\u8c1c\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u662f\u4ee5\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7eb8\u724c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u5e94\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u523014\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e49\u5927\u5229\u53ca\u6cd5\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u65e9\u6709\u7eaa\u5f55\u7684\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u662f\u57281392\u5e74\uff0c\u53ea\u4fdd\u7559\u4e8617\u5f20\u724c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u822c\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7531\u6cd5\u738b\u67e5\u7406\u65af\u56db\u4e16\u8981\u6c42Jacquemin Gringonneur \u7ed8\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u540e\u6765\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5b83\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u66f4\u665a(15th\u4e2d\u53f6)\u4e49\u5927\u5229\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u7684\u7eb8\u724c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u65e9\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u662f\u57281422\u5e74\u7531\u4e00\u540d\u4e49\u5927\u5229\u753b\u5bb6 Bon Ifacio Bembo \u6240\u7ed8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u300c\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u63d0\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u770b\u5230\u753178\u5f20\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u5171\u5206\u4e3a2\u90e8\u5206\uff1a22\u5f20\u7684\u300c\u5927\u963f\u5c14\u514b\u90a3\u300d\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u50cf\u662f\u604b\u4eba\u3001\u6b7b\u795e\u53ca\u5ba1\u5224\u7b49\uff09\u548c56\u5f20\u7684\u300c\u5c0f\u963f\u5c14\u514b\u90a3\u300d\uff084\u7ec4\u5404\u67091~10\u7684\u724c\u4ee5\u53ca4\u5f20\u5bab\u5ef7\u724c\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec4\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fbf\u662f\u8d77\u6e90\u65bc\u300c\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u300d\uff08Venetian Tarot\uff09\u6216\u662f\u300c\u76ae\u66fc\u7279\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u300d\uff08Piedmontese Tarot\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u662f\u6709\u6570\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u76ee\u7684\u578b\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b27\u6d32\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5854\u7f57\u724c\uff1a1.\u300c\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u300d\uff08Tarocchi of Venice\uff09\uff1a\u548c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u540c\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u79f0\u4e3a\u4f26\u5df4\u5e95\u5854\u7f57\u724c\uff092.\u300c\u66fc\u63d0\u90a3\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u300d\uff08Tarocchi of Mantegna\uff09\uff1a\u753150\u5f20\u724c\u4ee5\u53ca25\u5f20\u6307\u5bfc\u724c\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u300c\u6ce2\u4f26\u4e9a\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u300d\uff08Tarocchi of Bologna\uff09\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u5bab\u5ef7\u724c\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u6240\u4ee5\u5168\u90e8\u53ea\u670962\u5f20\u724c\uff09\u662f\u7531Francois Fibbia \uff08\u4e00\u4f4d\u6bd4\u8428\u738b\u5b50\uff09\u6240\u521b\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n

4.\u300c\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u65af\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u300d\uff08Minchiate of Florence\uff09\uff1a\u753198\u5f20\u724c\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u963f\u5c14\u514b\u90a3\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4ee3\u8868\u9ec4\u9053\u5341\u4e8c\u5bab\u3001\u56db\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u5730\u3001\u6c34\u3001\u706b\u3001\u98ce\uff09\u548c\u56db\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u9053\u5fb7\uff08\u5e0c\u671b\u3001\u8c28\u614e\u3010\u8282\u4fed\u3011\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3010\u4fe1\u4efb\u3011\u548c\u6148\u60b2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540e\u6765\u8fd9\u4e9b\u724c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u8282\u5236\u3001\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u548c\u6b63\u4e49\uff09\u7684\u724c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u663e\u793a\u572814th\u524d\u7684\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u724c\u610f\u4e2d\u4fbf\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c61\u5fb5\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u9b54\u672f\u5e08\u3001\u6559\u7687\u3001\u6076\u9b54\u548c\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u610f\u5145\u6ee1\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u98ce\u683c\uff1b\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5854\u7f57\u724c\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u5973\u6559\u7687\u548c\u6708\u4eae\u5219\u662f\u5c5e\u65bc\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u662f\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5f53\u4f5c\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u5361\u7247\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u5361\u7247\uff08\u50cf\u662f\u6251\u514b\u724c\uff09\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u6f14\u53d8\u800c\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u4e49\u5927\u5229\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u963f\u5c14\u514b\u90a3\u540d\u53eb tarocchi \u7684\u6e38\u620f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u968f\u8457\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u5728\u4eca\u65e5\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u572815th\u95f4\uff0c\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u6781\u4e3a\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7eb8\u724c\u5747\u9700\u7ecf\u7531\u624b\u5de5\u7ed8\u753b\u800c\u6210\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u5370\u5237\u6280\u672f\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u4fbf\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u53d8\u7684\u5bb9\u6613\u53d6\u5f97\u3002<\/p>\n

\u572816th\uff0c\u4e00\u526f\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u9a6c\u8d5b\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u300d\uff08Marseilles Tarot\uff09\u5373\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5854\u7f57\u724c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f22\u5f20\u5927\u963f\u5c14\u514b\u90a3\uff0c\u6709\u5c5e\u65bc\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u793e\u56e2\uff08\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u572818th \u524d\u4fbf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u795e\u79d8\u5b66\uff08\u50cf\u662f\u5361\u5df4\u62c9\u3001\u934a\u91d1\u672f\u3001\u9b54\u672f\u4eea\u5f0f\u548c\u9884\u8a00\u5360\u535c\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u79d8\u5bc6\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n

19th \u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u5b66\u8005Eliphas Levi \u7814\u7a76\u5361\u5df4\u62c9\u548c\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u5728\u4ed6\u4e4b\u524d\u4fbf\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6784\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u795e\u79d8\u5b66\u76f8\u4e92\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5361\u5df4\u62c9\u7684\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fbf\u6210\u4e3a\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5e76\u88ab\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u5b66\u6240\u8fd0\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

19th\u548c20th \u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u795e\u79d8\u5b66\u518d\u5ea6\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u548c\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u6216\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u79d8\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u5173\u7684\u793e\u56e2\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728Golden Dawn \u793e\u56e2\u4e2d\u9887\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u4eba\u58eb Arthur Eduard Waite \uff08\u539f\u5148\u5c5e\u65bc\u82f1\u56fd\u8537\u8587\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u79bb\u5f00\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e8c\u79cd\u5e7f\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u7cfb\u7edf–\u300c\u83b1\u5fb7\u02d9\u4f1f\u7279\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u300d\u300eRider-Waite deck\u300f\u548c\u300c\u900f\u7279\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u300d\u300eThoth desk\u300f\uff09\u57281910\u4ed6\u6240\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300c\u5854\u7f57\u4e4b\u94a5\u300d\uff08The Key to the Tarot\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u300c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8c61\u5fb5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300d\u4e4b\u540e\u4ed6\u6240\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u5458\uff1aPamela Colman Smith \u56e0\u6b64\u6784\u601d\u4e86\u4e00\u526f\u5854\u7f57\u724c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u5230\u7684\u300c\u83b1\u5fb7\u02d9\u4f1f\u7279\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u300d\uff08\u83b1\u5fb7\u662f\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5382\u5546\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u540d\u6210\u5458\uff1aAleister Crowley \u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u526f\u300c\u900f\u7279\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u300d\uff0c\u7531 Lady Frieda Harris \u6240\u7ed8\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u65bc1938\u5e74\u81f31943\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u8d85\u8fc7\u539f\u5148\u9884\u671f\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136Aleister Crowley \u65e9\u57281944\u5e74\u4fbf\u5df2\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u5173\u65bc\u6b64\u526f\u724c\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u57281969\u5e74\u8fd9\u526f\u7eb8\u724c\u624d\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u65f6 Aleister Crowley \u53ca Lady Frieda Harris \u5df2\u7ecf\u4ea1\u6545\u3002<\/p>\n

Thoth \u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u57c3\u53ca\u795e\u7eb8\uff08\u548c\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684 Mercury\u4e00\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u83b1\u5fb7\u02d9\u4f1f\u7279\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u300d\u548c\u300c\u900f\u7279\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u300d\u4e2d\u5747\u5145\u6ee1\u8457\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u5361\u5df4\u62c9\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5360\u661f\u5b66\u548c\u934a\u91d1\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5374\u5e76\u672a\u56e0\u6b64\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u770b\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9057\u5fd8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u592a\u591a\u7684\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u5728\u73b0\u5728\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u53ca\u5b66\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u53d8\u6210\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u300c\u5c0f\u73a9\u610f\u513f\u300d\uff1b\u66f4\u6709\u4e9b\u53ea\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u4e3a\u4e86\u597d\u770b\u800c\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u6db5\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5916\u578b\u3001\u5c3a\u5bf8\u53ca\u67b6\u6784\uff1a\u50cf\u662f\u5706\u5f62\u7684\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u3001\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\u7684\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u3001\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u5854\u7f57\u724c\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u76ee\u7684\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u662f\u65e0\u53ef\u539a\u975e\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u300c\u300d\uff08Enochian Tarot\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5927\u963f\u5c14\u514b\u90a3\u5171\u670930\u5f20\u724c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\u624d\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5b83\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6db5\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u6539\u53d8\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u5df2\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u5426\u4ecd\u9002\u5408\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u300c\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u300d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f4\u5230\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u53ca\u601d\u60f3\u5df2\u7ecf\u878d\u5165\u4e86\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u7763\u4f0a\u5fb7\u6559\u6d3e\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u5370\u5730\u5b89\u795e\u8bdd\u3001\u4f5b\u6559\u3001\u5e0c\u814a\u795e\u8bdd\u3001\u5317\u6b27\u795e\u8bdd\u3001\u4e9a\u745f\u738b\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5f02\u7aef\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7b49\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5584\u662f\u6076\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u5f71\u54cd\u8457\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u7684\u6d41\u53d8\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b83\u4eec\u4f34\u968f\u8457\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u800c\u6210\u957f\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5854\u7f57\u724c\u80fd\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u5730\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u7956\u5148\u9057\u7559\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\uff01\n<\/p>\n

\n \u68a6\u89c1\u81ea\u5df1\u4e22\u978b\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d
\n<\/h2>\n

\n \u68a6\u89c1\u81ea\u5df1\u978b\u4e22\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u9884\u793a\u7740\u68a6\u8005\u8fd1\u671f\u804c\u573a\u8fd0\u52bf\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u4f1a\u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u56e0\u4e3a\u610f\u89c1\u4e0d\u5408\u53d1\u751f\u6469\u64e6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e5f\u56e0\u4eba\u800c\u5f02\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u5973\u4eba\u68a6\u89c1\u978b\u4e22\u4e86\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5bb6\u5ead\u91cc\u4f1a\u6709\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u548c\u8c10\uff1b\u7537\u4eba\u68a6\u89c1\u978b\u4e22\u4e86\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4f60\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u4eba\u9645\u4e0a\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n 2012\u5e745\u670813\u65e5\u65e9\u66688\u70b9\u534a\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u751f\u8fb0\u516b\u5b57\u4f5c\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca
\n<\/h2>\n

\n \u516b\u5b57\uff1a \u58ec\u8fb0\u4e59\u5df3\u7532\u620c\u620a\u8fb0\u5927\u8fd0\uff1a \u7532\u8fb0 \u7678\u536f \u58ec\u5bc5 \u8f9b\u4e11 \u5e9a\u5b50 \u5df1\u4ea5 \u620a\u620c \u4e01\u9149 212 22 32 42 52 62 72\u516b\u5b57\u4e94\u884c\u4e2a\u6570\uff08\u672c\u6c14\uff09\uff1a0\u4e2a\u91d1\uff0c2\u4e2a\u6728\uff0c1\u4e2a\u6c34\uff0c1\u4e2a\u706b\uff0c4\u4e2a\u571f\u516b\u5b57\u4e94\u884c\u5f97\u5206\uff1a\u91d1\uff1a7\u6728\uff1a16\u6c34\uff1a12\u706b\uff1a18\u571f\uff1a54\u547d\u5c40\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u672c\u547d\u5c5e\u9f99\uff0c\u957f\u6d41\u6c34\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u504f\u8d22\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u516b\u5b57\u8fc7\u5f31\uff0c\u4ee5\u5370\u6bd4\u4e3a\u559c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540e\u5929\u9700\u8865\u6728\u6c34\n<\/p>\n

\n \u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u7684\u51a0\u5fc3\u75c5\u7684\u6839\u6cbb
\n<\/h2>\n

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